fixing motherboard faults and repair pc pdf

Diagnosing and fixing motherboard faults

Modern PC motherboards are very modular in their design, and so easily accessible.

Anyone with a basic understanding of how they work should be able to diagnose and repair basic motherboard-related faults on a PC

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Windows XP

Windows XP

Windows XP is a multi-tasking operating system, it lets you run multiple applications at once, and switch from one to the other without having to do any close them. It works in graphic mode that is to say by clicking on the graphics areas to run an application or command.

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The MSDOS operating system

The MS DOS operating system

• MS-DOS is a single-task operating system that is to say one can perform only one task at a time.
• Like other systems, MS-DOS examines operations such as read / write drives, video display, keyboard control and other tasks related to program implementation and maintenance of files.

The interface of MS DOS operating system.

The MS DOS is an operating system works in text mode that is to say, he is given orders to execute a task.

For example, to launch the text editor in MS DOS must enter the EDIT command.

Some commands in back:

• Date: that displays the current date and can change.
• Ver: which displays the version number of Dos used.
• Help: which shows some basic commands in DOS.

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Mouse

The Mouse

Definition : The mouse is a pointing device for moving a cursor on the screen and allowing you to select, move, manipulate objects with buttons.

The following table describes all the actions performed by the mouse:

Action	Description
Pointe object	Put the mouse pointer on the object
click	Press and release a mouse button
Double click	Click twice successive
right click	Press and release the right mouse button to get the context menu
Click - Drag	Hold down the left mouse button and drag the mouse to the desired location and release

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The keyboard

The keyboard 

The keyboard is a device that allows input of information (text, numbers, characters, ...) towards the computer.

There are difirents types of keyboards (Depending on the language used):

• Qwerty keyboard (French)
• Qwerty Keyboard (English)

You can also find simple keyboards and other media or a keyboard with a cable and one wireless.

The keyboard consists of at least four areas:

• The numeric keypad.
• The normal  keypad.
• The direction keys.
• The function keys.
• ....
• 

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What is a driver ? how to find a driver?

What is a driver or a pilot?

Drivers or drivers are software (programs) required for the normal operation of a device connected to a computer. A driver depends on the installed operating system. It fact, it is the intermediary between the machine and the operating system.

Why put the updated drivers?

To improve hardware performance by adding features and removing bugs. Manufacturers of computing devices develop drivers designed for these devices. 

Where can I find a driver?

The drivers are available on specialized websites for downloading drivers that build you a scan tool that searches the unknown device on your computer and offers compatible drivers available for download. (Http://www.touslesdrivers.com as an example).

You can also find the drivers on the website of hardware manufacturer. (http://dell.com example).

Lire aussi:

• Page d'accueil du support Dell -Drivers & Utilitaires
• Télécharger tous les pilotes audio Realtek
• Mettre A Jour Les Pilotes Et Driver

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Application softwares

Application softwares:

An application software is a set of programs to creat one or more files types defined.

There are:

• word processing software: which are word processing software. They allow for Word documents (Docx), web pages (. Html or. Xml), printed materials (. RTF) .... (Examples: Word, Works, ...).
•  Spreadsheets: are management software tables. They allow you to create Excel Workbooks (. XLS), web pages (. Html or. Xml) .... (Examples: Excel, Loutis ...).
•  Browsers: that its software designed to view the World Wide Web, all the websites to read web pages technically. (Example: Internet Explorer, Mozilla Firefox, Opera ...).
•  Media players: which is software designed to play sound files or videos of typical examples (MP3, RM, RAM, MPEG, WAV, AVI, .........): Real Player, Windows Media Player, VLC Media , .....
•  Image processing softwares: software publishing, image editing and creating drawings. Examples: Paint, PhotoFilter, PhotoShop, ....
• Softwares for creating animations: allow you to create animated images, flash games, animated web pages .... (GIF). (SWF). (HTM). Examples: Flash, Gimps, ... etc..
• The software to create slideshows: help make animations for presentation to a group. These animations are slide type (. Ppt,. Pps, ...). Example: PowerPoint.
• The videos production softwares (Windows Movie Maker, Meeve, PoweDVDCréator ....)
•  Games softwares.
•  Management softwares databases (SQL, ACCESS, ORACLE, ....).
•  The e-mail softwares: enable communication between two users. Examples: MSN, YAHOO MESSENGER, NetMeeting ....
•  Antivirus: Used to detect and remove bad programs. Example: Avaste, AVG, Panda, ...
•  ... Etc..

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Operating System

Operating System:

An operating system is software (all programs) background which provides communication between the processor and the user devices. It is the first program that can hold a computer. It manages the hardware and other software.

Examples: MS-DOS, Windows (95, 98,2000, XP, Vista ...), UNIX, LINUX ....

- The various types of operating systems:

The operating system most used today is Windows. But there are others such as MSDOS, Linux, Unix, ....

We can classify the operating systems into two main groups according to their modes of communication with the user:

· Operating systems work in text mode as MS DOS.

· Operating systems work in graphical mode as Windows and Linux.

- Basic Functionality of an operating system:

•      allows the computer to start and establish communication with the user.
•      is responsible for establishing communication between the hardware and programs.
•      connects the various devices connected to the computer.
•      helps organize records and files it contains.
•      supports reading / writing data to the disk or in memory.
•      displays information on the screen, interprets the keystrokes typed.
• Etc. ....

translated by google translate

Source : http://tanawiati.net/logiciel.htm

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Software

Software.

A computer devoid of any software is unable to work. This is the software part that gives the material its entire life and intelligence.

1. Definition: A program is a set of programs (set of instructions) processing of information, containing the necessary procedures and an application database.

2. types:

There are two types of software:

- The basic software (operating systems). Examples (Windows, Unix, ...)

- Software applications. Examples (Word, Excel, MSN ...)

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Computer system & part of computer system

Computer system.

1. Definition:

A computer system is the automatic processing of information. It consists of two parts:

part of computer system

• The hardware (Hardware): all the physical components of the machine.
• The software part (Software): the sets of software (programs) of information processing.

The hardware: includes elements for receiving data for other process data and other elements communicate the results of treatment with the outside.

- Examples: Computers, Robots, calculators, mobile phones, ... etc..

Which are electronic devices (programmable machines) can process the information automatically (using programs).

- Components of a computer system: part of computer system

According to the definition of a computer system. We can deduce that the hardware consists of three units:

Input units to capture the data to be processed.

A processing unit or CPU "CPU" treatment, which consists of several elements:

· A central memory for storing information at the time of treatment (RAM).

· An arithmetic logic unit to generate the results from the data.

· A control unit for controlling the operations at the UAL.

· Organs storage to store information permanently (DDR)

Output units to communicate the results of treatment.

Computer system 

 2. Devices on a computer.

There are three types of devices:

- input devices that allow you to enter information in the direction of the computer.

- output devices that can retrieve the results of treatment.

- storage devices that maintain the data processed.

Examples of input devices:

Keyboard: The keyboard is an input device, it consists of a set of struts called keys by which you can enter text, numbers, commands. The information entered is sent to the CPU.

Mouse: The mouse is an input device to select it or move (folders, files .... etc..) Or launch programs using a pointer on the screen.

The scanner: an electronic device for taking an image of a document or an object. This image is transferred to a computer, to be subsequently stored, processed or analyzed.

  Examples of output units:

  The Screen: This is an output device that displays the information sent by the CPU in the form of text or image.

  Printer is an output device that can print images or text displayed on the screen by editing on paper.

Speakers: Multimedia computers have speakers connected to the sound card to enjoy the benefits of digital sound.

 Examples of storage devices:

Hard Drive: This is a storage medium formed of rigid metal plates coated with a magnetic coating cylindrical shape. It contains the operating system. A hard disk is characterized by:

-Its speed "from 4500 to 7200 rev / min, 10,000 rev / min"

-Storage capacity "60 to 500 GB."

Disk: The disk is a storage means for transferring information or hold computer data.

He has two kinds: 5'' 1/4'' and 3 ½.

Or USB Flash memory: It is a small removable accessory that connects to the USB port of a computer. It contains a recordable and erasable memory. Found USB sticks from 64 MB to several GB

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Computer science

Computer science:

- Definition: The computer science is all scientific and technical disciplines treatment - including machine-automatic information.

- Notes:

1) The purpose of computing is centered mainly on the "automatic processing".

2) automatic processing, the use of the machine significantly reduces human intervention.

3) The computer takes care of processing the form of information, while the man provides the interpretation of the background.

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Automatic processing

Automatic processing

- Definition: A process is called automatic, when performed by an automatic machine, conversely manual processing.

   Treatment is called manual when performed by humans.

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computer as a science

computer as a science

The progress it has achieved in software as in hardware caused the rapid development of the most vital sectors. Free and immediate access to a source of tremendous data has radically changed attitudes and led to the emergence of a different way of thinking. The computer as a science as as a tool, has invaded our lives bringing us many services. She has contributed to a rapid transformation of society worldwide.

The continuous and rapid progress requires making constant updating of knowledge. The labor market has also seen the emergence of a wide range of new business. 

The education pillar in the formation of the individual sector found itself involved in this transformation. Indeed, computer education, there was little time and optional reserved for recent high school classes, became mandatory in all classes of middle and high school. 

This choice is to develop, more and earlier, specific computer skills among students.

computer as a science

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